Biomechanics analysis on sports injury of the left knee joint at finally forcibly phase of female javelin throwers★

Abstract

AIM： This article is aimed to investigate the knee joint injury of female javelin athletes using the cross-sectional questionnaire survey law and to analyze the data change and related reason of female javelin athletes at finally forcibly phase to get rid of the instantaneous knee joint movement using the biology mechanics analytic method.

METHODS：A total of 36 questionnaires were sent out between May and December 2004 to survey the knee joint injury constituent ratio of the national outstanding female javelin athletes. In May 2005, athletes who were competing and training were shot with two Sony video cameras with electronic shutter according to close-range dynamic stereophotogrammetry, and the frequency was 50 Hz, then sampling of the graphs and calculation of the data were conducted through the system of sports video quick feedback analysis, in order to acquire the index of biomechanics and analyze the possible sports injury and biomechanic characteristics of javelin athletes at finally forcibly phase.

RESULT: All 36 efficient questionnaires were taken back, with 100% retrieving rate.①Among 36 outstanding females javelins athlete, formation rate of knee joint damage was 41%, because of the unreasonable peaceful displacement and the intensity accounted for 37.8%, under the weary condition 31.1%, the wrong technology 9.3%, the unfull warming-up exercise 8.5%, the accident 6.4%, other 7.9%.②The constituent ratio of knee joint damage in female javelin athlete were in turn the meniscus damages 51%, knee cap damages 28%, the flank ligamentum accessorium damages 8%, the inside ligamentum accessorium damages 8%, other 5%.③The biomechanics index of knee joint at finally forcibly phase: Getting rid of the instantaneous left knee angle for (165±7)°, left knee mean speed (－0.20±0.34) m/s.

CONCLUSION: ①The national outstanding female javelin athlete finally makes an effort at the stage javelin to get rid of instantaneous throwing, the left leg strongly straight pedal extends, which possibly attributes to the left knee joint flank meniscus damages.②Velocity strength is necessary for throwing the javelin, because the knee joint extends and bends excessively frequently, the whirbone cartilage and the thighbone hit or the muscle involve repeatedly for a long time, usually causing the whirbone strain.

Li YJ, Zhang CZ, Wang Y.Biomechanics analysis on sports injury of the left knee joint at finally forcibly phase of female javelin throwers .Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2007;11(13):2459-2461,2465(China)
[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/07-13/13k-2459(ps).pdf]

摘要
目的：采用横断面问卷调查女子标枪运动员膝关节损伤情况，生物力学分析法分析其最后用力阶段标枪出手瞬间膝关节运动损伤的数据变化及其相关原因。
方法：2004－05/12发放调查问卷36份，调查36名国家级、健将级女子标枪运动员膝关节损伤构成比。2005－05采用近景动态立体摄影的测量方法，用两台有电子快门的进口松下摄像机，对运动员现场比赛、训练进行定点拍摄，拍摄频率为50 Hz。再采用爱捷运动录像快速反馈分析系统，进行图像采样和数据计算，获取生物力学指标。重点分析最后用力阶段标枪出手瞬间可能出现的运动损伤及其呈现的生物力学特点。
结果：36份问卷全部收回，问卷填写完整有效。①36名优秀女子标枪运动员膝关节损伤发生率为41%，损伤原因中因负荷安排量和强度不合理占37.8%，疲劳状态下投枪占31.1%，因技术错误占9.3%，准备活动不充分占8.5%，意外占6.4%，其他占7.9%。②膝关节损伤构成比依次是半月板损伤51%、髌骨劳损28%、外侧副韧带损伤8%、内侧副韧带损伤8%、其他5%。③最后用力阶段膝关节的生物力学指标：出手瞬间平均左膝角为（165±7）°，平均左膝水平速度为(－0.20±0.34) m/s。
结论：①国家优秀女子标枪运动员在最后用力阶段标枪出手瞬间，左腿强直蹬伸可能是造成左膝关节外侧半月板损伤的重要因素。②投掷标枪需要速度力量，由于膝关节经常过分伸屈，髌骨软骨与股骨长期反复撞击或肌肉反复牵扯，通常导致髌骨劳损。
关键词：标枪；膝关节；左膝角；左膝速度；运动损伤；生物力学

李元敬, 张朝珍，王筠.女子标枪运动员最后用力阶段标枪出手瞬间左膝关节运动损伤的生物力学数据分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2007，11(13):2459-2461,2465 [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/07-13/13k-2459(ps).pdf]