肥胖青年平地自然行走时足底压力分析与步态特征★
李艳霞1，刘 颖2，韩 涛3，赵焕彬1，霍洪峰1
应用要点：①选择的观察对象为特殊人群，对于肥胖人群步态特征的研究刚刚开始，已有的研究主要是运动学分析，对肥胖人步态动力学的系统分析还很少，国内几乎还是空白。②利用的测试仪器为国际先进的足底压测试系统。
同行评价：对正常人群足底压力和步态的研究较多，但未见对肥胖青年进行足底压力和步态研究。本文设计合理，方法较先进可靠，数据可信，因此，本文结果有一定的应用意义，并且对肥胖的预防也有一定的参考价值。
相关链接：足底压力研究，揭示了人体在不同状态下的足底压力分布特征和模式，以及运动过程中足的动力性特征。同时，足底压力测量技术在临床步态研究和临床医疗中的不断应用与深入，已逐渐成为临床生物力学研究和诊断病足与足部康复评定的重要手段。通过足-鞋界压力的研究，也为指导人们健康穿鞋与科学制鞋带来了科学理论依据。
摘要
目的：观察肥胖青年人平地自然行走过程中左右双足平均峰力值、受力间期、冲量等参数特征，探索足底压力参数的分布规律。
方法：实验于2007-11在河北师范大学体育学院步态分析室进行。抽取河北师范大学20~22岁、体质量指数 > 28 kg/m2的肥胖学生94名，采用比利时Footscan USB2平板式足底压测试系统对其进行动态足底压力测试。所有受试者测试期间足踝关节活动正常，测试时均脱鞋袜，以个人平常步态自然行走，每人行走3次，记录动态足底压力，计算足底各个区域的平均峰力值、受力间期、冲量等参数特征。
结果：94名受试者进入结果分析。①平均峰力值：足部最大受力部位在足跟和前掌第2，3跖骨头，各部位最大压力由大到小依次为足跟、第2，3，1跖骨、足弓、第4跖骨、第1趾骨、第5跖骨、第2~5趾骨。②受力间期：足部最大受力间期部位在前掌第3，4跖骨头，各部位受力间期由大到小依次为第3，4，2，1跖骨、第5趾骨、足弓、第1趾骨、足跟、第2~5趾骨。③冲量：足底所受冲量最大的部位是足跟内侧，各部位所受冲量由大到小依次为足跟内侧、第2跖骨、足跟外侧、第3，1，4跖骨、足弓、第1趾骨、第5跖骨、第2~5趾骨。④肥胖青年行走时重心运动轴线在跟部和第1~3跖骨头的范围内，但压力中心移动速度过快且不均匀。
结论：① 肥胖青年平地自然行走时的足底应力-时间曲线呈明显的双峰型。②肥胖人群足底各区域所受地面反作用力的冲量大，所以其鞋的设计应尽可能增大与脚的接触面积，进而增加足与地面的接触时间，达到减小冲击力值的目的。③肥胖青年行走时重心运动轴线符合正常人体生理规则，前脚掌处压力中心过于密集，若长期大负荷刺激第2，3跖骨头处易形成胼胝体。
关键词：足底压力；肥胖；步态
李艳霞，刘颖，韩涛，赵焕彬，霍洪峰.肥胖青年平地自然行走时足底压力分析与步态特征[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2008，12(15):2870-2874 [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-15/15k-2870(ps).pdf]
1河北师范大学体育学院，河北省石家庄市 050016；2 河北理工大学体育部，河北省唐山市 063000；3 河北公安警察职业学院警体部，河北省石家庄市 050091
李艳霞★，女，1957年生，河北省衡水市人， 1981年河北师范大学体育系毕业，硕士，副教授，主要从事体育教育学的研究。
通讯作者：霍洪峰，河北师范大学体育学院，河北省石家庄市
050016
hhf413@163.com
中图分类号:R87
文献标识码:B
文章编号:1673-8225
(2008)15-02870-05
收稿日期：2007-11-29
修回日期：2007-12-31 (07-50-11-6613/N·A）
Foot plantar pressure and gait features of naturally walking obese youth
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mean peak value of foot plantar pressure, force interval and impulse in feet during natural walking of obese young people, and to explore the distribution rule of foot pressure parameters.
METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Research Center of Gait Analysis, College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University in November 2007. Ninety-four students aged 20-22 years (body mass index > 28 kg/m2) were selected from Hebei Normal University and analyzed by the Footscan USB2 system (RSscan, Belgium) with barefoot and normal gait. Dynamic foot pressure was determined by walking for three times, and the mean peak value of force, force interval and impulse were calculated.
RESULTS: Ninety-four subjects were included in final analysis. ①The maximum pressure distributed on heel and the former first, second and third metatarsal heads. From heel, the second, third, and first metatarsal bone, arch, the fourth metatarsal, the first toe, the fifth metatarsals, and the second to fifth toe, the pressure decreased gradually. ②The maximum force interval sites of foot involved the third and fourth former metatarsal head. From the third, fourth, second and first metatarsal, the fifth toe, arch, the first toe, heel, the second to fifth toe, the force interval decreased gradually. ③The maximum impulse distributed at heel medial, and decreased gradually from the second metatarsal, heel lateral, the third, first and fourth metatarsal, arch, the first toe, the fifth metatarsals, and the second to the fifth toe. ④When fat young people were walking, the movement axis of center of gravity distributed between heel and the first to third metatarsal head, but movement velocity of pressure center was too fast and uneven.
CONCLUSION: ①Plantar stress and time curves show obvious bimodal pattern in naturally walking obese youth. ②Obese youth receives larger impulse from the ground, so their shoes should be designed to maximize the contact area with the feet, leading to an increased contact with the ground to reduce the impact of impulse. ③The center movement axis of walking obese youth is accorded with normal physiological rules. The pressure center of former sole is too intensive, and long-term load on the second and third metatarsal head would result in formation of corpus callosum.
Li YX, Liu Y, Han T, Zhao HB, Huo HF. Foot plantar pressure and gait features of naturally walking obese youth.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2008;12(15):2870-2874(China)
[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-15/15k-2870(ps).pdf]
1College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, China; 2Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Science and Engineering, Tangshan 63009, Hebei Province, China; 3Department of Police Physical Education, Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, Shijiazhuang 50091, Hebei Province, China
Li Yan-xia★, Master, Associate professor, College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, China
Correspondence to: Huo Hong-feng, College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, China
hhf413@163.com
Received: 2007-11-29
Accepted: 2007-12-31
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