课题背景：失神经骨骼肌萎缩，影响肢体功能恢复，一直是临床急待解决的一个难题。尤其是周围神经支配的小肌肉，在神经重新支配之前已经发生不可逆性肌萎缩，严重影响肢体的精细活动。延缓不可逆性肌萎缩的发生，是问题存在的关键。

应用要点：实验通过在大鼠腓肠肌内置入装有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的硅胶管，缓慢释放碱性成纤维细胞生长因子激活肌卫星细胞，并促使肌卫星细胞增殖。细胞增生状态，有助于判断肌萎缩是否可逆及推测神经修复术的预后。增加失神经支配骨骼肌中的肌卫星细胞的含量，可以提高周围神经手术的疗效。实验对延缓肌萎缩为再生神经到达靶器官争取时间的临床应用有重要的意义。

术语解析：肌卫星细胞是一种潜能细胞，是肌组织的干细胞，能转化为成肌细胞。肌卫星细胞在骨骼肌细胞生长和再生时，可提供肌细胞核。

摘要
背景：失神经骨骼肌最大的变化，就是失去神经营养因子，导致肌肉萎缩变性和纤维化。
目的：通过在腓肠肌中置入缓慢释放碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的硅胶管，观察其对肌卫星细胞增殖和肌萎缩的作用。
设计、时间及地点：随机对照动物实验，于2006-11在沈阳医学院奉天医院动物实验室完成。
材料：体质量为250~300 g的健康雄性Wistar大鼠28只；硅胶管制备：将碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和生理盐水分别装入硅胶管内，管两端用501硅胶封闭。
方法：切断大鼠左肢坐骨神经的腓肠肌28条，随机分2组，每组14条。实验组肌肉内置入装有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子硅胶管，对照组置入装有生理盐水的硅胶管。
主要观察指标：术后30 d进行：①腓肠肌湿重及肌纤颤电位波幅。②光镜观察肌纤维表面的增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞核、腓肠肌肌纤维直径和肌纤维截面积。③电镜观察腓肠肌超微结构。
结果：①实验组肌肉的肌卫星细胞核数多于对照组（P < 0.01）。②实验组肌肉内的萎缩肌纤维出现变细、横纹不清，肌动蛋白淡染及肌丝排列紊乱和线粒体空泡化等变化较对照组少（P < 0.01）。③实验组肌纤维间结缔组织增生轻于对照组。④实验组肌肉湿重明显重于对照组（P < 0.01），肌纤维纤颤电位波幅明显大于对照组（P < 0.05）。
结论：经硅胶管中缓慢释放的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子有促进失神经腓肠肌的肌卫星细胞增殖﹑延缓肌纤维萎缩和抑制肌纤维向结缔组织增生的作用。
关键词：纤维细胞生长因子2；肌卫星细胞；肌萎缩；大鼠；生物材料

许蕙，辛畅泰.经硅胶管缓慢释放碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对失神经骨骼肌的作用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2008，12(19):3738-3742 [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-19/19k-3738(ps).pdf]

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor through silicon tube on denervated skeletal muscle

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The denervated skeletal muscle is chiefly characteristic as the loss of neurotrophic factor, which may cause the muscle atrophy degeneration and fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on the muscle satellite cells and muscle atrophy by the implantation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) released through silicon tube in the gastrocnemius.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomly control animal experiment was finished at the Animal Experiment Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College Fengtian Hospital in November 2006.
MATERIALS: Twenty-eight Wistar healthy male rats (weighing 250-300 g) were adopted. Silicon tube was prepared by the encapsulation with bFGF or physiological saline, and sealed with 502 glue.
METHODS: The sciatic nerve of left lower limb was cut off, and then gastrocnemius was taken out. All of 28 Wistar rats were divided into experiment group and control group randomly, each group involved 14 rats. The experimental gastrocnemius was encapsulated with silicon tube containing bFGF, while the control group with physiological saline.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At day 30 postoperatively, the following indicators were evaluated: wet weight of gastrocnemius and wave amplitude of muscle fibrillation potential; proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive nuclei on surface of muscle fibers, diameter and section area of gastrocnemius fiber under light microscope; ultrastructure of gastrocnemius under electron microscope.
RESULTS: The number of muscle satellite cell nuclei in the experimental group was more than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, the thin muscle fiber, unclear transverse striate, light stain of actin, disordered myofilament and mitochondrial vacuolization all emerged less in the experimental group (P < 0.01). In the experimental group, the connective tissue proliferations between fibers were obviously less than that in the control group. Both wet weight of gastrocnemius and wave amplitude of muscle fibrillation potential were obviously greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The bFGF released through silicon tube can stimulate the proliferation of muscle satellite cell, delay the muscle fiber atrophy and inhibit the connective tissues proliferation in denervated gastrocnemius.

Xu H, Xin CT.Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor through silicon tube on denervated skeletal muscle.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2008;12(19):3738-3742
[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-19/19k-3738(ps).pdf]