人胚心脏动脉端来自前心区*★
李海荣，杨艳萍，曹锡梅，刘慧霞，景 雅，王 彤
课题背景：国外对胚胎心脏发生发育的研究多集中在鸡胚和小鼠胚胎，国内对胚胎心脏发育的研究报道较少。由于人胚收集困难，其报道相对匮乏，对C14期以前的人胚心脏发生发育的研究更难见到，因此实验选用早期人胚为研究对象以弥补这一不足。
同行评价：文章在观察和探讨人胚心脏动脉端心肌的起源方面具有一定的创新性。
相关链接：传统认为，两侧心区随胚盘卷褶在前肠腹侧愈合形成一直的原始心管。原始心管经过分化发育，重建为成体的四腔心。近年来，对动物胚胎的活体标记试验表明禽类和啮齿类心脏流出道及右心室来自心管外的咽部中胚层（即前心区或第二生心区）。�
摘要
目的：在骨组织工程学领域内，主要集中种子细胞、支架载体和细胞支架复合体的构建3个方面的研究，在干细胞方面大多数学者认为骨髓间充质干细胞较为理想，支架材料虽然种类繁多，但却没有一种理想的载体。实验拟通过观察骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体植入骨缺损处成骨性细胞的变化以及钙化情况，认识同种骨髓间充质干细胞复合异种骨基质明胶修复大鼠桡骨节段性骨缺损的可行性。
方法：实验于2006-10/2007-08在辽宁医学院解剖学试验室与科学实验中心完成。①骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养、纯化、扩增、Brd-U体外标记后并在体外与骨基质明胶复合培养，制成骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体。②60只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体治疗组、单纯骨基质明胶治疗组和单纯骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组，每组20只；每组分2，4，8，12周4个时间段，每个时间段5只。 实验过程中对动物处置符合动物伦理学要求。③制备同种异体SD大鼠桡骨骨干5 mm节段性骨缺损模型。骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体治疗组缺损处植入骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体，单纯骨基质明胶治疗组缺损处植入单纯骨基质明胶（骨基质明胶由完全培养液同等条件下培养7 d），单纯骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组缺损处植入单纯骨髓间充质干细胞（Brd-U标记的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞，密度1×109个/L）。④大体观察大鼠的术肢活动情况；X射线放射学、组织学对比观察各组大鼠骨缺损的修复情况。
结果：除骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体治疗组有1例动物因麻醉过深死亡外，其余59只大鼠进入结果分析。①各组术后各时间段骨缺区X射线片表现：骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体治疗组：2周桡骨缺损处略见骨痂形成，8周可见明显形成骨缺损区的桥接，12周骨缺损区完全被新生骨组织填充，已有骨髓腔出现。单纯骨基质明胶治疗组：12周骨缺损区骨痂形成增多，但未出现桥接，并可见两端有骨质硬化现象。单纯骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组：12周可见两断端有骨质硬化现象，最后形成骨不连。术后 2，4，8，12周复合体治疗组与单纯治疗组放射学检查评价新骨生成差异有显著性意义（P < 0.01）。②组织学检测结果：术后 2，4，8，12周复合体治疗组与单纯治疗组组织学检查新骨生成速度、生成量差异均有显著性意义（P < 0.01）。
结论：骨髓间充质干细胞/骨基质明胶复合体有较强的成骨能力，对节段性骨缺损有较好的修复作用，有望成为骨组织工程中可以选择的植骨材料。
关键词：骨髓间充质干细胞；骨基质明胶；异种；细胞培养； 骨缺损；组织构建
田志逢，秦书俭，王瑞芳，柏永刚，谷学静.骨髓间充质干细胞复合异种骨基质明胶修复大鼠桡骨缺损[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2008，12(15):2801-2805 [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-15/15k-2801(ps).pdf]
山西医科大学组织胚胎学教研室，山西省太原市
030001
李海荣★，女，1971年生，山西省高平市人，汉族，2001年山西医科大学毕业，硕士，讲师，主要从事胚胎心脏发生发育的研究。
lihairong20030829@163.com
通讯作者：景 雅,博士，教授，山西医科大学组织胚胎学教研室，山西省太原市
030001 jingya66@hotmail.
com
国家自然科学基金资助(30771141)*
中图分类号:R321
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1673-8225
(2008)20-03801-05
收稿日期：2008-03-12 修回日期：2008-04-16 (54200803110025/W·Q)
Arterial pole of human embryonic heart derived from the anterior heart field
Abstract
BACKGROUND：Labeling in chick and mouse embryo in vivo suggested right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart derived from pharyngeal mesoderm distal to the heart tube. It was unclear whether it was the same in human embryo.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the origin of cardiomyocytes at the arterial pole of the human embryonic heart.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A single sample experiment was performed at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University from October 2005 to October 2006.
MATERIALS: A total of 25 cases of early human embryo samples with complete chorion after drug abortion at the Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University.
METHODS: Embryonic plants were isolated under a stereomicroscope. According to Carnegie staging method, embryos were assigned to Carnegie stage 10 (C10), C11, C12, C13, C15 and C16 stages (3 cases each) and C14 stages (7 cases).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemistry PAP was used to observe the expression patterns of α-smooth muscle actin and α-sarcomeric actin in the human embryonic heart and pharyngeal mesoderm from C10 to C16. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe morphologic characteristics of heart and pharyngeal mesoderm at each stages.
RESULTS: From C10 to C12, splanchnic pericardium distal to the outflow tract and dorsal pericardium were stratified epithelium, when extending into parietal mesoderm pericardium gradually transformed into simple squamous epithelium. During the following three stages, dorsal pericardium gradually changed into simple epithelium. During C10 to C13, expression ofα-smooth muscle actin and α-sarcomeric actin reached splanchnic pericardium and pharyngeal mesenchymal cells distal to the outflow tract. From C14 to C15, the outflow tract gradually elongated. Over these stages, splanchnic pericardial cells distal to the outflow tract proliferated and progressively migrated into the outflow tract, expressing α-smooth muscle actin and α-sarcomeric actin when closed to cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSION: From C10 to C15, the outflow tract gradually elongates with an addition of cells from pharyngeal mesoderm, which we consider the anterior heart field of the human embryonic heart. Myocardium of distal outflow tract can induce cells derived from anterior heart field to proliferate and differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The arterial pole of the human embryonic heart derives from the anterior heart field.
Li HR, Yang YP, Cao XM, Liu HX, Jing Y, Wang T. Arterial pole of human embryonic heart derived from the anterior heart field.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2008;12(20):3801-3805(China)
[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-20/20k-3801(ps).pdf]
Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Li Hai-rong★, Master, Lecturer, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
lihairong20030829@163.com
Correspondence to: Jing Ya, Doctor, Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
jingya66@
hotmail.com
Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30771141*
Received: 2008-03-12
Accepted: 2008-04-16
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