课题背景：大鼠肾移植动物模型是免疫和移植相关研究的重要实验工具。国内自1980年起已有成功建模的报道，但由于手术复杂，难度大，大多是对原有术式作一定改良，如应用套管吻合法-袖套吻合法来建立供肾的循环。国内诸多改良术式并没有为国际上大多数研究者采用，原因在于虽然这些吻合方法可以明显提高吻合速度，减少热缺血时间，但血栓形成-吻合口狭窄等并发症增加，故不推荐为建模的血管吻合方法。

应用要点：作者采用国际推荐的术式，利用双侧肾脏同时做为供肾，并在此基础上优化术式及过程，简化实验步骤、降低实验成本、缩短手术时间，获得了稳定的双侧供肾大鼠肾移植模型。为进一步深入研究肾脏移植打下了坚实的基础，具有良好的科研应用前景。

同行评价：课题建立双侧供肾大鼠肾移植模型，观察分析其与单侧肾脏移植的差异，以达到节省实验费用、缩短手术时间的目的，为实验方法的改进。

摘要
目的: 大鼠肾移植动物模型是免疫和移植相关研究的重要实验工具，但即往的大鼠肾移植模型大多以单侧肾脏为供肾，手术时间较长，实验经济性不高。拟建立双侧供肾大鼠肾移植模型，并进行改良，以期缩短手术时间及实验费用。
方法：①实验于2007-05/08于大坪医院实验动物中心完成，实验方法符合医学伦理学要求。②共选用大鼠90只，按随机数字表法分为2组，双侧供肾组Wistar供体大鼠18只，SD受体大鼠36只，采用原位低温灌洗，同时取供者双肾作为供肾；单侧供肾组Wistar供体大鼠18只，SD受体大鼠18只，取供者左侧肾脏为供肾。③以硬膜外导管为支架行供肾静脉与受者肾静脉端端吻合，供肾动脉带腹主脉瓣与受者腹主动脉行端侧吻合，供肾输尿管膀胱瓣与受者的膀胱吻合。受者术中预置右侧肾脏血管体外结扎线，术后3 d结扎。④术后1，5，7 d由受体大鼠尾静脉分别抽取静脉血1 mL测肌酐。
结果：①双侧供肾组手术成功率为91.7%，大鼠死亡的原因主要为血管吻合口出血、感染、休克、血栓形成以及膀胱漏尿致弥漫性腹膜炎等；单侧供肾组手术成功率为88.9%。②除取肾时间外两组其余手术耗时差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③两组受体大鼠组内比较术后血肌酐含量均持续升高（P < 0.01），两组差异无显著性意义（P > 0.05）。
结论：双侧供肾大鼠同种异体肾移植模型建立方法可靠、稳定，并能降低实验成本，缩短手术时间。
关键词：肾移植；疾病模型，动物；组织供者；器官移植

李沙丹，靳风烁，李黔生，朱方强，聂志林，霍文谦.双侧供肾大鼠肾移植模型的建立[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2008，12(5):853-856 [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-5/5k-853(ps).pdf]

Establishment of a rat model of bilateral renal allograft

Abstract

AIM：Rat model of renal transplantation is important for immune and transplantation-associated studies. Unilateral donor kidney is predominant in previous rat modeling, but the surgery is long and not economic. This study established a modified rat model of kidney transplantation to shorten operation time and cost.
METHODS: ①The experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Daping Hospital from May to August 2007. The experimental procedure was accorded with medical ethical standards. ②Ninety rats were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. In bilateral renal allografts group including 18 Wistar rats as donors and 36 SD rats as recipients, two renal allografts were harvested from the donor at the same time after flushed with lactated Ringer solution in situ at low temperature. In unilateral renal allograft group including 18 Wistar rats as donors and 18 SD rats as recipients, only left kidneys of Wistar rats were harvested as grafts. ③With the assistance of Epidural catheter, venous anastomosis of the renal vein of donor and recipients was performed using interrupted sutures in an end-to-end pattern. A patch of aorta attached to renal artery of the donor was sutured to aorta of the recipient with end-to-side anastomosis. Extracorporeal ligation of the right renal vessels was applied 3 days after transplantation. ④1 mL blood was harvested from rat tail vein 1, 5 and 7 days after transplantation to determine creatinine.
RESULTS: ①Operation success rate in bilateral renal allografts group reached 91.7%. Rats died of artery anastomosis hemorrhage, thromboembolia, infection and diffuse peritonitis caused by urine leakage. The success rate in unilateral renal allograft groups was 88.9%. ②Except for time for kidney removal, there was no significant difference in operating time between two groups (P > 0.05). ③Postoperative creatinine was significantly elevated in each group compared with before operation (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This model of harvesting two renal allografts from one donor simultaneously is a reliable and feasible method. Moreover, it can reduce experiment cost and save operating time.

Li SD, Jin FS, Li QS, Zhu FQ, Nie ZL, Huo WQ.Establishment of a rat model of bilateral renal allograft.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu 2008;12(5):853-856(China) [www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/08-5/5k-853(ps).pdf]